Restrictive cardiomyopathy refers to a set of changes in how the heart muscle functions. These changes cause the heart to fill poorly (more common) or squeeze poorly (less common). Sometimes, both problems are present.

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare disease of the myocardium and is the least common of the 3 clinically recognized and described cardiomyopathies. It does not relax normally during the time between heartbeats when the blood returns from the body (diastole).

The abnormal heart function can affect the lungs, liver, and other body systems. Restrictive cardiomyopathy may affect either or both of the lower heart chambers (ventricles). The most common causes are amyloidosis and scarring of the heart from an unknown cause. It also can occur after a heart transplant.

Symptoms of heart failure are most common. These symptoms often develop slowly over time:

• Cough
• Breathing problems that occur at night, with activity or when lying flat
• Fatigue and inability to exercise
• Loss of appetite
• Swelling of the abdomen, feet and ankles
• Uneven or rapid pulse

The following treatments may be used to control symptoms or prevent problems:

• Blood thinning medicines
• Chemotherapy (in some situations)
• Diuretics to remove fluid and help improve breathing
• Medicines to prevent or control abnormal heart rhythms