AI in Cardiology refers to the use of artificial intelligence (AI) methods to support cardiovascular care. It is applied across anatomy, physiology, disease diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment planning. Common inputs include the electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), cardiac computed tomography (CT), and the electronic health record (EHR). It is most often used as clinical decision support rather than as an independent decision-maker.

Digital Cardiology is the use of digital tools and data to support cardiovascular care. It spans diagnosis, monitoring, and long-term management of heart and vascular disease. It commonly includes wearable sensors, remote monitoring, telehealth, and software that analyzes cardiac data. It is used across outpatient clinics, emergency care pathways, hospital cardiology services, and cardiac rehabilitation programs.

Cardiac Telehealth is the delivery of cardiovascular care using remote communication and digital monitoring tools. It is a care model used for diagnosis support, risk assessment, and longitudinal management of cardiac disease. It commonly includes video visits, phone visits, and remote physiologic data (for example blood pressure and electrocardiogram recordings). It is widely used in outpatient cardiology, post-hospital follow-up, cardiac rehabilitation, and device clinics.

Device Interrogation is the process of electronically communicating with an implanted cardiac device to retrieve data and evaluate function. It is a diagnostic assessment used in electrophysiology and general cardiology care. It is most commonly performed for pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices. It is used in clinics, emergency departments, inpatient units, and perioperative settings.

A Cardiac Device Clinic is a clinical service that follows patients with implanted or wearable cardiac rhythm devices. It sits at the intersection of cardiology, electrophysiology, and long-term disease management. It is commonly used after pacemaker, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) implantation. It also supports device checks, troubleshooting, and remote monitoring over time.

A Permanent Pacemaker is an implanted cardiac device that delivers electrical impulses to help maintain an adequate heart rate. It is a therapy used in cardiology and electrophysiology to treat clinically significant bradycardia (slow heart rhythm). It most commonly supports the heart’s conduction system when native impulse formation or conduction is impaired. It is used in both inpatient and outpatient settings for long-term rhythm management.

A Temporary Pacemaker is a short-term pacing system used to support or restore an adequate heart rate. It is a therapy and procedure used in acute cardiac care when bradycardia or conduction block causes instability. It is commonly used in emergency departments, cardiac catheterization labs, operating rooms, and intensive care units. It may bridge a patient to recovery, a Permanent Pacemaker, or definitive treatment of the underlying cause.

A Transvenous Pacemaker is a cardiac pacing device that delivers electrical impulses to the heart through leads placed in the heart via the veins. It is a therapy and procedure used to treat clinically significant bradycardia (slow heart rate) and certain conduction disorders. It is most commonly used in acute care as temporary pacing and in long-term care as a permanent pacemaker system. It sits at the intersection of cardiac electrophysiology, emergency stabilization, and chronic rhythm management.

A Subcutaneous ICD is an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) placed under the skin without leads inside the heart or veins. It is a device therapy used to treat life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation (VF). It belongs to the domains of electrophysiology, sudden cardiac death prevention, and cardiac device implantation. It is commonly used for selected patients who need defibrillation protection but do not require pacing therapies.

Cardiac Lead Placement is the process of positioning insulated wires (“leads”) that connect an implanted cardiac device to the heart. It is a procedural concept in electrophysiology and cardiothoracic care, most commonly used for pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) systems. The goal is to reliably sense cardiac electrical activity and deliver pacing or defibrillation therapy when needed. It is discussed in acute care, outpatient cardiology, and long-term device follow-up settings.