Cardiac Catheterization is a procedure in which a thin tube (catheter) is guided through a blood vessel into the heart and great vessels. It is used in cardiology as a diagnostic test and, in many cases, as a therapy. It helps assess coronary arteries, heart chamber pressures, oxygen levels, and valve function. It is commonly performed in a cardiac catheterization laboratory (“cath lab”) for both urgent and planned evaluations.

Coronary Angiography is an imaging test that shows the inside (lumen) of the coronary arteries using contrast and X‑ray. It is a diagnostic procedure in interventional cardiology and cardiac catheterization. It is commonly used to evaluate coronary artery disease (CAD) in stable symptoms and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It can also guide treatment decisions such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Cardiac CT is a computed tomography (CT) imaging test focused on the heart and great vessels. It is primarily a diagnostic tool that provides detailed anatomic information. It is commonly used to evaluate coronary arteries, cardiac chambers, valves, and the thoracic aorta. It is widely applied in outpatient cardiology and selected emergency department chest pain pathways.

Cardiac MRI is a magnetic resonance imaging test focused on the heart and great vessels. It is a noninvasive diagnostic procedure used to assess cardiac anatomy, function, and tissue characteristics. It is commonly used in cardiology for cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, ischemic heart disease, and congenital heart disease evaluation. It complements echocardiography, computed tomography (CT), and cardiac catheterization in selected patients.

Transesophageal Echocardiogram is an ultrasound-based cardiac imaging test performed with a probe in the esophagus. It is a diagnostic procedure used to visualize heart structure and blood flow with high detail. It is commonly used in cardiology, anesthesiology, emergency care, and cardiac surgery. It is often chosen when transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) images are limited or when specific structures must be assessed closely.

An Echocardiogram is an ultrasound-based test that creates moving images of the heart. It is a diagnostic test used to evaluate cardiac anatomy and function in real time. It is commonly used in cardiology, emergency care, perioperative medicine, and inpatient wards. It helps clinicians assess chambers, valves, and blood flow without ionizing radiation.

A Treadmill Test is an exercise-based diagnostic test that evaluates the heart’s response to physical stress. It is used in cardiology to assess symptoms, exercise capacity, and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes with exertion. It is commonly performed in outpatient stress testing labs and hospital-based cardiology services. It is a functional test that can support diagnosis and risk stratification in selected patients.

A Stress Test is a diagnostic test that evaluates how the heart performs under increased workload. It is used to detect exercise- or stress-induced changes in myocardial (heart muscle) blood flow, rhythm, or function. In cardiology, it is most commonly applied to assess suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) and exercise tolerance. It is also used in risk stratification and to guide further testing when symptoms occur with exertion.

An Event Monitor is an ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG) device used to record heart rhythm during symptoms or suspected intermittent arrhythmias. It is a diagnostic test in clinical cardiology focused on the cardiac conduction system and rhythm disorders. It is commonly used in outpatient evaluation of palpitations, dizziness, and unexplained syncope when a standard 12-lead ECG is unrevealing.

A Holter Monitor is a portable device that records the heart’s electrical activity continuously over time. It is a diagnostic test in cardiology focused on rhythm and conduction assessment. It is commonly used to evaluate intermittent symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, or syncope. It is typically worn during usual daily activities to capture real-world electrocardiogram (ECG) data.