Heave is a palpable lifting movement of the chest wall caused by the beating heart. It is a **clinical sign** assessed during the **cardiovascular physical examination**. It is commonly discussed in relation to **ventricular hypertrophy**, **pressure overload**, and **cardiomegaly**. Heave is most often evaluated by **precordial palpation** at the left sternal border and near the apex beat.

Thrill is a palpable vibration felt on the skin during physical examination. It most often reflects turbulent blood flow in the heart or a large vessel. Thrill is used in bedside diagnosis in cardiology and vascular assessment. It is commonly discussed alongside a murmur (cardiac) or bruit (vascular).

Cardiac Palpation is the use of the examiner’s hands to assess visible or felt movements of the precordium (the front of the chest over the heart). It is a bedside physical examination technique in clinical cardiology and general medicine. It helps estimate cardiac size, position, and hemodynamic effects by feeling impulses, heaves, and thrills. It is commonly used in routine cardiovascular assessment, emergency evaluations, and preoperative examinations.

Cardiac Auscultation is listening to heart sounds with a stethoscope. It is part of the cardiovascular physical examination and bedside diagnostic assessment. It helps clinicians assess cardiac anatomy, physiology, and common disease patterns. It is used in outpatient clinics, emergency care, inpatient wards, and perioperative settings.

A Central Line is a catheter placed into a large central vein to deliver fluids, medications, or obtain measurements. It is a vascular access device and a clinical procedure commonly used in acute care and perioperative medicine. In cardiology, it supports hemodynamic management in conditions like shock and advanced heart failure. It is frequently used in the intensive care unit (ICU), emergency department, operating room, and cardiac catheterization settings.

An Arterial Line is a thin catheter placed into an artery to measure blood pressure continuously. It is a bedside monitoring procedure used in acute care, anesthesia, and critical care medicine. It also allows repeated arterial blood sampling without repeated needle sticks. It is most commonly used in operating rooms, emergency departments, and intensive care units.

Cardiac Output Monitoring is the measurement and trending of how much blood the heart pumps per minute. It is a diagnostic and physiologic assessment used to guide hemodynamic management. It is commonly applied in critical care, anesthesia, emergency medicine, and cardiology. It is most often used when shock, heart failure, or major surgery makes blood flow and oxygen delivery uncertain.

Cardioplegia is a technique used to intentionally and temporarily stop the heart during cardiac surgery. It involves delivering a specialized solution to protect the myocardium (heart muscle) while blood flow is interrupted. Cardioplegia is part of procedural myocardial protection, most commonly during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). It is routinely used in operations such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and valve surgery.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a form of temporary life support that oxygenates blood and removes carbon dioxide outside the body. It is a therapy and procedure used in critical care and cardiothoracic practice. ECMO can support the lungs, the heart, or both when conventional treatments are not enough. It is commonly used in intensive care units (ICUs), emergency settings, and perioperative cardiothoracic care.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation is a form of temporary, machine-based support for the heart and/or lungs. It is a therapy and procedure used in critical care, cardiology, and cardiothoracic surgery. It circulates blood outside the body to add oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, and in some configurations can also provide circulatory support. It is most commonly used in severe, potentially reversible cardiopulmonary failure when conventional measures are insufficient.