LVAD stands for left ventricular assist device. It is a mechanical circulatory support therapy that helps the left ventricle pump blood. It is used in advanced heart failure and sometimes in cardiogenic shock. It is most commonly managed in cardiology, advanced heart failure, and cardiothoracic surgery settings.

A Left Ventricular Assist Device is a mechanical pump that helps the left ventricle move blood into the aorta. It is a therapy used in advanced heart failure and cardiogenic shock. It supports circulation when native left ventricular function is insufficient. It is most commonly used in specialized heart failure, transplant, and cardiothoracic surgery programs.

TAVR stands for **transcatheter aortic valve replacement**. It is a **catheter-based procedure** used to treat selected patients with **aortic valve disease**, most commonly **severe aortic stenosis**. TAVR replaces the function of the native aortic valve with a **bioprosthetic valve** delivered through the vasculature. It is commonly used in structural heart programs involving cardiology, imaging, anesthesia, and cardiothoracic surgery.

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement is a catheter-based procedure that replaces a diseased aortic valve with a prosthetic valve. It is a therapy used in structural heart disease, most commonly for aortic stenosis. It is performed in the cardiac catheterization laboratory or hybrid operating room with imaging guidance. It is often discussed alongside surgical aortic valve replacement and heart-team decision-making.

Cryoablation is a therapeutic technique that intentionally freezes tissue to create a controlled lesion. In cardiology, it is most commonly used as a catheter-based or surgical method to treat certain cardiac arrhythmias. The goal is to interrupt abnormal electrical pathways in the heart’s conduction system or isolate arrhythmia triggers. It is widely discussed in cardiac electrophysiology (EP), especially for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation.

Radiofrequency Ablation is a procedure that uses heat generated by radiofrequency energy to create a small, controlled scar in tissue. In cardiology, it is primarily a therapeutic procedure used to treat cardiac arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms). It is most commonly performed in a cardiac electrophysiology (EP) laboratory using catheter-based techniques. It may also be performed surgically as part of arrhythmia surgery in selected cases.

Ablation Therapy is a medical procedure that intentionally destroys or isolates small areas of tissue to treat disease. In cardiology, it most often targets abnormal electrical pathways in the heart that cause arrhythmias. It is a therapeutic intervention performed using catheter-based techniques, surgical approaches, or hybrid methods. It is commonly used in electrophysiology (EP) labs to manage conditions such as atrial fibrillation and supraventricular tachycardia.

Cardioversion is a therapy used to restore an abnormal heart rhythm to a normal rhythm. It is most commonly used for tachyarrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Cardioversion can be electrical (a synchronized shock) or pharmacologic (antiarrhythmic medication). It is a common tool in emergency care, inpatient cardiology, and elective outpatient rhythm management.

Defibrillation is an emergency therapy that delivers an electrical shock to the heart. It is used to terminate certain life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. It is a procedure in acute care and resuscitation medicine, most often during cardiac arrest. It is commonly performed with an automated external defibrillator (AED) or a manual defibrillator in emergency departments, inpatient units, and prehospital settings.

Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy is a device-based therapy used to improve the timing of heart muscle contraction. It is most commonly used in selected patients with heart failure and electrical conduction delay on electrocardiogram (ECG). It works by pacing both ventricles to reduce mechanical dyssynchrony and support more coordinated pumping. It sits at the intersection of cardiac electrophysiology, heart failure management, and implantable device therapy.